FCAC 廣府話羅馬字
FCAC Gwóng-fú-wáa Lö-mả-zĩ
FCAC Cantonese Romanization
韻母
Wản-mỏu
Finals
除開受合併規則影響嘅韻母之外（合併規則喺下面有解釋），呢個方案裏面韻母拼寫同粵拼完全相同。
Cëoi-hôi sãu hãp-bing kwâi-zâk yíng-hóeng ge wản-mỏu zî-ngõi (hãp-bing kwâi-zâk hãa-bĩn yảu gáai-sîk), nî-go fông-òn lẻoi-mĩn wản-mỏu ping-sé tüng Jyutping yun-chun sôeng-tüng.
Except for cases covered by the special rules (explained below), the spelling in our system is exactly the same as Jyutping:
(This table is taken from Wikipedia.)
aa
/aː/
沙
|
aai
/aːi̯/
徙
|
aau
/aːu̯/
梢
|
aam
/aːm/
三
|
aan
/aːn/
山
|
aang
/aːŋ/
坑
|
aap
/aːp̚/
圾
|
aat
/aːt̚/
剎
|
aak
/aːk̚/
客
|
a
/ɐ/
[1]
|
ai
/ɐi̯/
西
|
au
/ɐu̯/
收
|
am
/ɐm/
心
|
an
/ɐn/
新
|
ang
/ɐŋ/
笙
|
ap
/ɐp̚/
濕
|
at
/ɐt̚/
失
|
ak
/ɐk̚/
塞
|
e
/ɛː/
些
|
ei
/ei̯/
四
|
eu
/ɛːu̯/
掉
|
em
/ɛːm/
舐
|
|
eng
/ɛːŋ/
鄭
|
ep
/ɛːp̚/
夾
|
|
ek
/ɛːk̚/
石
|
i
/iː/
詩
|
|
iu
/iːu̯/
消
|
im
/iːm/
閃
|
in
/iːn/
先
|
ing
/ɪŋ/
星
|
ip
/iːp̚/
攝
|
it
/iːt̚/
洩
|
ik
/ɪk/
識
|
o
/ɔː/
疏
|
oi
/ɔːy̯/
開
|
ou
/ou̯/
蘇
|
|
on
/ɔːn/
看
|
ong
/ɔːŋ/
康
|
|
ot
/ɔːt̚/
喝
|
ok
/ɔːk̚/
索
|
u
/uː/
夫
|
ui
/uːy̯/
灰
|
|
|
un
/uːn/
寬
|
ung
/ʊŋ/
鬆
|
|
ut
/uːt̚/
闊
|
uk
/ʊk/
叔
|
|
|
eoi
/ɵy̯/
需
|
|
|
eon
/ɵn/
詢
|
|
|
eot
/ɵt̚/
摔
|
|
oe
/œː/
鋸
|
|
|
|
|
oeng
/œːŋ/
商
|
|
oet
/œːt̚/
|
oek
/œːk̚/
削
|
yu
/yː/
書
|
|
|
|
yun
/yːn/
孫
|
|
|
yut
/yːt̚/
雪
|
|
韻母羅馬字增補案
- 音節 eo 亦可寫作 ø，音調照常。e.g. "之類" zî-leoi 亦可寫作 zî-løi，"對於" Deoi-yû 亦可寫作 Døi-yû, "出現" cêot-yĩn 亦可寫作 cø̂t-yĩn （符號 ^ 喺字母 ø 上面）。
輔音
Fũ-yâm
Consonants
| IPA |
Jyutping |
Yale |
FCAC |
(Notes) |
| [p] |
b |
b |
b |
|
| [pʰ] |
p |
p |
p |
|
| [m] |
m |
m |
m |
|
| [f] |
f |
f |
f |
|
| [t] |
d |
d |
d |
|
| [tʰ] |
t |
t |
t |
|
| [n] |
n |
n |
n |
|
| [l] |
l |
l |
l |
|
| [k] |
g |
g |
g |
|
| [kʰ] |
k |
k |
k |
|
| [ŋ] |
ng |
ng |
ng |
ŋ is also acceptable. |
| [h] |
h |
h |
h |
|
| [ts] |
z |
j |
z |
Most speakers nowadays does not distinctly discern [s] and [ɕ], but this distinction is present in our system to further articulate, e.g. zê (JP: ze1; Y: ze) vs. jun (JP: zyun3; Y: zyun), cí (JP: ci2; Y: chí) vs. chün (JP: cyun4; Y: chùhn) |
| [tɕ] |
z |
j |
j |
|
| [tsʰ] |
c |
ch |
c |
|
| [tɕʰ] |
c |
ch |
ch |
|
| [s], [ɕ] |
s |
s |
s |
|
| [ɕ] |
s |
s |
s |
|
| [kʷ] |
gw |
gw |
gw |
|
| [kʷʰ] |
kw |
kw |
kw |
|
| [j] |
j |
y |
y |
|
| [w] |
w |
w |
w |
|
合併規則 Hãp-bing Kwâi-zâk Special rules for combination
-
對於韻母 yu 同 oe，如果喺佢之前嘅輔音係 z 或者 c 嘅時候，z 變為 j，c 變為 ch，同時 y 省略唔寫。e.g. "jun" 而唔係 "zyun"，"chun" 而唔係 "cyun" 或者 "chyun".
Deoi-yû wản-mỏu "yu" tüng "oe", yü-gwó hái kẻoi zî-cïn ge fü-yâm hãi "z" wãak zé "c" ge sï-hãu, "z" bin-wäi "j", "c" bin-wäi "ch", tüng-sï "y" sáang-lõek m̀h-sé. e.g. "jun" yï m̀h-hãi zyun, "chun" yï m̀h-hãi "cyun" wãak-zé "chyun".
For endings "yu" and "oe", if the consonants before them are "z" or "c", then "z" becomes "j", "c" becomes "ch", and the existing "y" is omitted. e.g. "jun" instead of "zyun", "chun" instead of "cyun" or "chyun".
- 注意： eo 開頭嘅韻母唔變。e.g. "zöeng" 應該寫為 "jöeng"，但係 "zeoih" 唔應該變為 "jeoih"。
Jù-yì: "eo" hôi-täu ge wản-mỏu m̀h-bin. e.g. "zôeng" yîng-gôi sé-wãi "jôeng", däan-häi "zeoih" m̀h-yîng-gôi bin-wäi "jeoih".
Note: finals that starts with "eo" does not change, e.g. write "jöeng" instead of "zöeng" but "zeoih" instead of "jeoih".
- 由於本方案用字母 y 對應粵拼嘅 j，所有用粵拼寫作 j + y 開頭韻母嘅音節喺本方案內一律省略 y。e.g. yut instead of yyut.
Yäu-yû bún-fông-òn yũng zĩ-mỏu "y" deoi-ying Jyutping ge "j", só-yảu yũng Jyutping sé-zok "j" + "y" hôi-täu wản-mỏu ge yâm-zit hái bún-fông-on noi yât-lẽot sáang-lõek "y".
Because this system uses the letter "y" to represent what would be "j" in Jyutping, finals that starts with "y" in Jyutping should drop this "y", e.g. "yut" instead of "yyut".
音調 Yâm-dĩu Tones
例子：Lãi zí: Example:
| Tone |
Jyutping |
Yale |
FCAC |
(Notes) |
| 1 (High flat) |
si1 |
sī |
sî |
|
| 1 (High falling) |
si1 |
sì |
sì/sîh |
Modern Cantonese does not discern high flat and high falling most of the time, so one may replace sïh with sï. |
| 2 (High rising) |
si2 |
sí |
sí |
|
| 3 (Medium flat) |
si3 |
si |
si |
|
| 4 (Low flat) |
si4 |
sìh |
sï/sìh |
|
| 5 (Low rising) |
si5 |
síh |
sỉ/síh |
|
| 6 (Medium-low flat) |
si6 |
sih |
sĩ/sih |
|
| 7 (High flat entering) |
sek1 |
sēk |
sêk |
|
| 8 (Medium flat entering) |
sek3 |
sek |
sek |
|
| 9 (Medium-low flat entering) |
sek6 |
sehk |
sẽk |
|
規則如下：
Kwâi-zâk yü-hãa:
The rule goes as follows:
- 字母a、e、i、o同u為元音字母。
Zĩ mỏu a, e, i, o tüng u wäi yün-yâm zĩ mỏu.
The letters a, e, i, o and u are considered "vowel letters".
-
單個音節有多個元音字母時，diacritics符號只加喺第一個字母度（其他字母唔加）。
Dâan-gò yâm-zit yảu dô-go yün-yâm zĩ mỏu sï, diacritics fü-hóu zí gâa hái dãi-yât-go zĩ-mỏu dõu (këi-tâa zĩ-mỏu m̀h-gâa).
The diacritics is only added to the first vowel letter (it's not added to other vowel leters).
(e.g. sâam instead of sââm)
- h加喺最後一個元音字母之後。
h gâa hái zeoi-hãu yât-go yün-yâm zĩ-mỏu zî-hãu.
The letter h is added after the last vowel letter.
(e.g. seoih instead of seohi or sheoi)
分詞 Fân-cĩ Word separation
每個字之間用空格或者橫線分隔。何時用橫線，視詞語是否構成單個詞組而定。後綴同連接詞之類嘅詞（例如「啲」「嘅」）之後原則上唔用橫線。
Mủi-go-zï zî-gâan yũng hûng-gaak wãak-zé wäang-sin fân gaak. Hö-sï yũng wäang-sin, sĩ cï-yủ sĩ-fáu kau-sïng dâan-go cï-zóu yï dĩng. Hãu-zẽoi tüng lïm-zip-cï zî leoi ge cï (lãi-yü "dî" "ge") zî-häu yün-zâak sỏeng m̀h yũng wäang-sin.
Each syllable should be separated by a space or a en-dash (-). When to use a dash instead of a space is determined by whether the characters combine into one single meaningful word. One should not use dashes after things like suffixes and conjunctions.
冇元音嘅音節嘅聲調符號
Mỏu yü-yâm ge yâm-zit ge sîng-dĩu fü-hóu
Syllables without vowel letters but require tone accent marks
對於m：
Deoi-yû m:
For the syllable m:
- m4（e.g. 唔、嘸）寫作m̀h或者m'。手寫時亦寫作m◌̉。
m4 sé zok m̀h wãak-zé m'. sáu-sé sï yĩk sé zok m◌̉ ("m" + hook above
The syllable "m4" (in Jyutping) is written as "m̀h" or "m' " and "m◌̉" on paper.
- m2（e.g. 呣）寫作ḿ。
m2 sé zok ḿ.
The syllable "m2" (in Jyutping) is written as "ḿ".
對於ng：
Deoi-yü ng:
For the syllable ng:
- ng4（e.g. 吾、吳、蜈）寫作ǹgh。
ng4 sézok ǹgh.
The syllable "ng4" (in Jyutping) is written as "ǹgh".
- ng5（e.g. 午、五、伍）寫作ńgh。
ng5 sézok ńgh.
The syllable "ng5" (in Jyutping) is written as "ńgh".
- ng6（e.g. 誤、悟、晤）寫作ñg。
ng6 sé zok ñg.
The syllable "ng6" (in Jyutping) is written as "ñg".
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