FCAC粵語白話字·2023版
FCAC Yuhtyúx Baahk-wáa-zih (2023 báan)
FCAC Cantonese Romanization (2023 ver.)
韻母
Wánxmóux
Finals
本方案韻母除開呢兩條規則之外拼寫同粵拼完全相同：
Bún föng-òn wánxmóux ceoihöi nï-léongtiu kwäizäk zï-ngoih pìngsé tung Jyutping yunchun söengtung.
Except for cases covered by the following two rules, the spelling in our system is exactly the same as Jyutping:
-
所有以 y 同 oe 開頭嘅韻母，如果喺佢之前嘅輔音係 z, c 或者 s 嘅時候，z 變為 j，c 變為 ch，s 變為 x，同時 y 省略唔寫。e.g. jun instead of zyun, chun instead of cyun.
Sóyáux íx "y" tung "oe" höitau gè wánxmóux, yugwó hái kéoix zï-cin gè fuyäm haih "z", "c" waahkzé "s" gè si-hau, "z" bìnwai "j", "c" bìnwai "ch", "s" bìnwai "x", tungsi y sáangloehk msé.
- 注意： eo 開頭嘅韻母唔變。
jù-ì: "eo" höitau-gè wánxmóux mh-bìn.
Note: finals that starts with "eo" does not change, e.g. write "jöeng" instead of "zöeng" but "zeoih" instead of "jeoih".
- 由於本方案用字母 y 對應粵拼嘅 j，所有用粵拼寫作 j + y開頭韻母嘅音節喺本方案內一律省略 y。e.g. yut instead of yyut.
Yauyü bún-föng-òn yuhng zihmóux "y" dèoi-ìng Jyutping gè "j", sóyáux yuhng Jyutping sézòk "j" + "y" höitau wánxmóux gè yämzìt hái bún-föng-òn nòi yätleoht sáangloehk "y".
Because this system uses the letter "y" to represent what would be "j" in Jyutping, finals that starts with "y" in Jyutping should drop this "y", e.g. "yut" instead of "yyut".
輔音
Fuyäm
Consonants
| IPA |
Jyutping |
Yale |
FCAC |
(Notes) |
| [p] |
b |
b |
b |
|
| [pʰ] |
p |
p |
p |
|
| [m] |
m |
m |
m |
|
| [f] |
f |
f |
f |
|
| [t] |
d |
d |
d |
|
| [tʰ] |
t |
t |
t |
|
| [n] |
n |
n |
n |
|
| [l] |
l |
l |
l |
|
| [k] |
g |
g |
g |
|
| [kʰ] |
k |
k |
k |
|
| [ŋ] |
ng |
ng |
ng |
ŋ is also acceptable. |
| [h] |
h |
h |
h |
|
| [ts] |
z |
j |
z |
Most speakers nowadays does not distinctly discern [s] and [ɕ], but this distinction is present in our system to further articulate, e.g. zë (JP: ze1; Y: ze) vs. jùn (JP: zyun3; Y: zyùhn), cí (JP: ci2; Y: chí) vs. chuhn (JP: cyun4; Y: chun) |
| [tɕ] |
z |
j |
j |
|
| [tsʰ] |
c |
ch |
c |
|
| [tɕʰ] |
c |
ch |
ch |
|
| [s], [ɕ] |
s |
s |
s |
|
| [ɕ] |
s |
s |
x |
In modern Cantonese the latter is like something in-between [s] and [ɕ] instead of the full-on [ɕ] as in "x" in Mandarin. In this system this is only used with "u", as in "xü" instead of "syü". |
| [kʷ] |
gw |
gw |
gw |
|
| [kʷʰ] |
kw |
kw |
kw |
|
| [j] |
j |
y |
y |
Wánxmóux wai i si sáangloehk. Abbreviated when the final starts with "i". |
| [w] |
w |
w |
w |
|
聲調 Sïngdiuh Tones
例子：Laihzí: Example:
| Tone |
Jyutping |
Yale |
FCAC |
(Notes) |
| 1 (High flat) |
si1 |
sī |
sï |
|
| 1 (High falling) |
si1 |
sì |
sî/sïh/sï |
Modern Cantonese does not discern high flat and high falling most of the time, so one may replace sïh with sï. |
| 2 (High rising) |
si2 |
sí |
sí |
|
| 3 (Medium flat) |
si3 |
si |
sì |
|
| 4 (Low flat) |
si4 |
sìh |
si |
|
| 5 (Low rising) |
si5 |
síh |
síx |
|
| 6 (Medium-low flat) |
si6 |
sih |
sih |
|
| 7 (High flat entering) |
sek1 |
sēk |
sëk |
|
| 8 (Medium flat entering) |
sek3 |
sek |
sèk |
|
| 9 (Medium-low flat entering) |
sek6 |
sehk |
sehk |
|
規則如下：
Kwäizäk yuhaah:
The rule goes as follows:
- 字母a、e、i、o同u為元音字母。
Zihmóux a, e, i, o tung u wai yunyäm zihmóux.
The letters a, e, i, o and u are considered "vowel letters".
-
單個音節有多個元音字母時，accent符號只加喺第一個字母度（其他字母唔加）。
Däangò yämzìt yáux dögò yunyäm zihmóux si, accent fuhóu zí gäa hái dâiyätgò zihmóux dôu (keitäa zihmóux m-gäa).
The accent mark is only added to the first vowel letter (it's not added to other vowel leters).
(e.g. säam instead of sääm)
- h加喺最後一個元音字母之後。
h gäa hái zèoihauh yätgò yunyäm zihmóux zïhauh.
The letter h is added after the last vowel letter.
(e.g. seoih instead of seohi or sheoi)
- x加喺音節最後一個字母之後。
x gäa hái yämzìt zèoihauh yätgò zihmóux zïhauh.
The letter x is added after the last letter of the whole syllable.
(e.g. yúnx instead of yúxn)
分詞 Fäncih Word separation
對如何分詞冇特別要求，似越南語每個字分一個詞亦可，常用詞連住寫亦得；但係應以「是否方便閲讀」同「是否會產生混淆」為準。
Dèoi yuho fänci móux dahkbiht ïukau, cíx yuht naam yúx múix gò zih fän yät gò ci ihk hó, soengyuhngci linjuhsé ihkdäk; daahnhaih ïng-íx "sihfáu föngbihn yuhtduhk" tung "sihfáu wuih cáansäng wahnngau" waizéon.
There's no special requirements about word separation. Both Vietnamese style (each character is a word) and "sticked-together" style for commonly-used words are acceptable, but overall the separation should be easy to read and not causing any confusions.
冇元音嘅音節嘅聲調符號
Móux yunyäm geh yämzìt geh sïngdiuh fuhóu
Syllables without vowel letters but require tone accent marks
對於m：
Dèoiyü m:
For the syllable m:
- m4（e.g. 唔、嘸）寫作mh。
m4 sézòk m.
The syllable "m4" (in Jyutping) is written as "m".
- m2（e.g. 呣）寫作m'，手寫或者允許時寫作ḿ。
m2 sézòk m', sáusé waahkzé wánxhéoisi sézòk ḿ.
The syllable "m2" (in Jyutping) is written as "m'" on devices but as "ḿ" when writing by hand or when it's supported by the device.
對於ng：
Dèoiyü ng:
For the syllable ng:
- ng4（e.g. 吾、吳、蜈）寫作ngh。
ng4 sézòk ng.
The syllable "ng4" (in Jyutping) is written as "ngh".
- ng5（e.g. 午、五、伍）寫作ngx。
ng5 sézòk ngx.
The syllable "ng5" (in Jyutping) is written as "ngx".
- ng6（e.g. 誤、悟、晤）寫作ng。
ng6 sézòk ngh.
The syllable "ng6" (in Jyutping) is written as "ng".
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